By DAVID INALL, ADF CEO
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) virus, identified in March in Indonesia – and Singapore shortly thereafter – is posing a threat to Australian livestock. The proximity of these nations to Australia means the disease could be transferred to Australian cattle or buffalo via windborne biting insects. Currently, the virus is only around 3,000 kilometres from Australia. Once introduced, the virus is very hard to eradicate.
Australia has restricted the importation of certain live viruses for laboratory purposes, primarily to reduce the possibility for such diseases to escape and spread. However, an exception is being made so that CSIRO’s Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, can begin developing vaccines for lumpy skin disease.
Australian Dairy Farmers (ADF) supports the development of safe, effective vaccines for lumpy skin disease virus, in acknowledgement of the significant risk this disease poses to the industry.
The virus does not affect humans – but has serious implications for animal health. It causes emaciation, damage to hides, a decrease in milk production, fever, reproductive losses and can ultimately be fatal. This can lead to major disruptions to livestock trade and dairy supply. There would also be trade implications for Australian exports if Australia was to suffer a lumpy skin disease detection.
The disease, identifiable by nodules on animal skin, is usually spread by flies, mosquitoes, and ticks. Infected animals can also contaminate products and equipment.
The federal government is working with its counterparts in Indonesia to stem the outbreak and prevent the disease from making its way to Australia. Current prevention efforts are extensive, with strict import regulations and conditions to prevent the disease entering via traveller, cargo and mail pathways. However, the risk of spreading via insects crossing the ocean is Australia’s primary concern.
Without local research, Australia would have to rely on sending samples overseas for diagnosis and, if confirmed, importing vaccines. These can be of inferior quality to Australian standards and obtaining adequate quantities could be a challenge. With Australia undertaking development, vaccine supply will not be an issue for Australian farmers. Once developed, the vaccine will also be shared with neighbouring nations.
Livestock industries as well as the Australian Governmentsupport importation of the live virus. Internal policies have been amended to ensure safety and security. This approach is being echoed across other parts of the industry.
A taskforce has been set up by Agriculture Minister David Littleproud. The group, led by Dr Chris Parker – former chief executive of the Australian Pests and Veterinary Medicines Authority – will coordinate the federal government’s newly-announced $61 million commitment to boosting northern frontline biosecurity.
Vaccine development within Australia is crucial to preventing major outbreaks and eventually eradicating the disease, if possible. Most vaccines currently available from overseas have shown capacity to cross with wild strains of the virus, producing virulent variants that transmit more rapidly.
With such a significant exotic disease on Australia’s doorstep, we must remain vigilant, and farmers are always urged to contact their local veterinarian if they see any signs in their herd, In the case of LSD, after an initial period of high fever (41°C) and swollen lymph glands, the animal may develop large, firm nodules that are up to 5 cm in diameter in the skin..
An important element of the industry’s response has seen ADF partnering with the Red Meat Advisory Council (RMAC) to form a high-level cross-industry taskforce to ensure coordination and collaboration across all affected industry sectors. The taskforce is comprised of senior representatives of RMAC, ADF, the National Farmers’ Federation, and the relevant industry service providers.
The taskforce’s membership ensures we can seek the requisite skills to undertake appropriate action and establish technical committees as determined by the taskforce to ensure the broader agriculture sector can monitor, manage and work with government to reduce the likelihood and potential impact of any incursion.